An investigation of the use of trigraphs for large vocabulary cursive handwriting recognition

This paper presents an extensive investigation of the use of trigraphs for on-line cursive handwriting recognition based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Trigraphs are context dependent HMMs representing a single written character in its left and right context, similar to triphones in speech recognition. Looking at the great success of triphones in continuous speech recognition ([1]-[3]), it was always a challenging and open question, if the introduction of trigraphs could lead to substantially improved handwriting recognition systems. The results of this investigation are indeed extremely encouraging: The introduction of suitable trigraphs led to a 50% relative error reduction for a writer dependent 1000 word handwriting recognition system, and to a 35% relative error reduction for the same system with an extended 30000 word vocabulary for cursive handwriting recognition.